Results

BACILLUS CEREUS

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to find if Ortho Home Defense effected the growth of Bacillus Cereus.

The results of the pesticide's effect on bacteria were recorded by the number of colonies that survived in each condition which were then compared. The results are as follows:

          P= 0.033 x 2 = .066

Must accept null hypothesis: Ortho Home Defense does not effect growth of Bacillus Cereus

Discussion: This experiment shows slight decrease in the population of the bacteria exposed to Ortho Home Defense.  However, after doing statistical analysis, we found that the evidence was not strong enough to support the hypothesis that Ortho Home Defense adversely effects Bacillus Cereus.  Therefore the null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does not effect growth of Bacillus Cereus.

DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

PART A-

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to find if Ortho Home Defense effected the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster.

The effect of pesticide on fruit flies was measured by the mortality rate of  flies when their food source is exposed to Ortho-Home Defense compared to flies with an unaffected food source. The results as follows are the results of the original test simply comparing whether of not the flies were affected.

Discussion: Through this experiment it was made obvious that the presence of Ortho Home Defense adversely effected the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster.  None of the flies exposed to Ortho Home Defense survived, while the flies not exposed to Ortho Home defense had a survival rate of 62%.  Therefore the hypothesis that Ortho Home Defense adversely effects the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster is accepted.                                      

PART B-

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to find if a diluted solution of Ortho-Home defense would have as drastic effect on the flies as the regular strength, and to also find out if there was a dose that the flies could be exposed to and still live, and what that dose was.  We set up the experiment in increments where we tested five different dilutions of the pesticide mixed with water trying to find out if there is a safe amount of Ortho-Home Defense that can be consumed by the fruit flies. The increments are:

In each condition we added eighteen flies, nine boys and nine girls. We had a 0% survival rate for every test that involved pesticide exposure.  In the vile containing no pesticide, 6 out of the 9 boys survived and 9 out of the 9 girls survived.  The survival rate for the control group was approximately 83%.

Discussion: None of the objectives of this experiments were achieved.  No dose was found that Drosophila melanogaster could be exposed to and still survive.  That, however, does not prove that it does not exist, only that we did not try a small enough dose.  The results of this experiment do show, however, that Drosophila melanogaster are quite sensitive to exposure to Ortho Home Defense and survival rates are definitely adversely effected, even at relatively low doses.

PART C-

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to find if exposure to an incredibly diluted dose of Ortho Home Defense to Drosophila melanogaster (1st) adults that were to become parents, and (2nd) to the offspring during all stages of development would adversely effect survival rates of the offspring.

Results:

P= 0.149 x 2 = 0.298

Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does not effect survival rates of offspring

Discussion: The results of this experiment do show a slight decrease in survival rates of the those who were (and parents were) exposed to Ortho Home Defense.  However, after doing statistical analysis we found that the evidence was not strong enough to support the hypothesis that Ortho Home Defense adversely effects the survival rates of Drosophila melanogaster whose parents were exposed to Ortho Home Defense, and who they themselves where exposed to Ortho Home Defense during all stages of development.  Therefore, the null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does not effect survival rates of Drosophila melanogaster whose parents were exposed to Ortho Home Defense, and who they themselves where exposed to Ortho Home Defense during all stages of development.

RADISHES AND BEANS

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to find if and how Ortho Home Defense effected germination and growth of Burpee Stringless Seeds and Radish Seeds.

Results are as follows:

                                                                  
                                Radishes with water                                  Radishes with pesticide

                   Radishes: Number of Shoots                             Radishes: Shoot Length

                       P = 0.084 x 2 = 0.168                                       P = 0.113 x 2 = 0.226

Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does             Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home   effect the number of shoots in radishes.                                              Defense does not effect the shoot length of radishes.

           Radish: Number of Roots                                                   Radishes: Root Length

                 P = 0.084 x 2 = 0.168                                                          P = 0.000

Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does           Null hypothesis must be rejected: Ortho Home Defense does not effect number of roots on radishes.                                                    effect root length of radishes.

                      Radishes: Number of Leaves

                             P= 0.042 x 2 = .084

Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does not                                                                                     effect the number of leaves in radishes.

  Burpee Stringless Beans: Number of Roots                Burpee Stringless Beans: Root Length

            P = 0.042  x 2 = .084                                                           P = 0.92 x 2 = 1.84

Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense               Null hypothesis must be accepted: Ortho Home Defense does not effect number or roots in beans.                                       does not effect root length in beans.

Discussion: For radishes exposed to Ortho Home Defense there was a decrease in number of roots, and root length.  However, there was an increase seen in number of shoots, shoot length, and number of leaves.  After doing statistical analysis, however, we found that the evidence was not strong enough to support the hypothesis that Ortho Home Defense effects anything except root length.  We found that Ortho Home Defense does not effect number of roots, number of shoots, shoot length, or the number of leaves.  However, Ortho Home Defense does adversely effect root length.

For Burpee Stringless Beans exposed to Ortho Home Defense there was decrease in the number of roots as well as root length.  However, after doing statistical analysis we found that the evidence was not strong enough to support the hypothesis that Ortho Home Defense effects Burpee Stringless Bean germination and growth.  Therefore, Ortho Home Defense does not effect germination or growth of Burpee Stringless Beans.